What is Play Therapy?
Play therapy is a structured, theoretically-based approach that uses play as a medium for children to express feelings, resolve conflicts, and develop coping skills. The typical setup for play therapy involves a playroom equipped with toys, art supplies, and role-playing tools. Sessions are guided by a therapist, who facilitates self-expression and emotional processing through symbolic play.
There are two styles of play therapy, non-directive and directive. In non-directive play therapy a child leads the play, which helps foster autonomy and emotional expression. During directive play therapy the therapist provides structured activities aligned with therapeutic goals.
Who Can Benefit from Play Therapy?
Play therapy is primarily used with children aged 3–12 years, but it can be adapted for adolescents. It can be effective for children experiencing developmental, emotional, or behavioral challenges. Play therapy has been found to be particularly effective for children with trauma histories or attachment-related difficulties. Additionally, emerging studies suggest its utility for children with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Therapists can use play therapy across various settings, including schools, clinics, and hospitals. It can be utilized as both a standalone intervention and as part of a broader treatment plan.
How Play Therapy Works
Play therapy is widely recognized as a preferred therapeutic approach for very young children (ages 6 and under) and for children with language delays, as traditional talk therapy methods are often less effective for these populations. Young children naturally communicate through play, which serves as their “native language,” enabling them to express emotions and experiences symbolically rather than verbally. This makes play therapy particularly effective in allowing children to process feelings and gain control over their reactions in a developmentally appropriate way.
For children with language delays, play therapy provides an environment where communication occurs through actions and interactions with toys or play scenarios, reducing reliance on verbal skills. This method allows these children to express themselves and engage with the therapeutic process more naturally and successfully compared to language-dependent techniques.
Conclusion
Play therapy is a structured therapeutic approach that uses play as a medium for children to express emotions and develop coping skills. Through symbolic play with a trained therapist, children can explore feelings and resolve conflicts in a developmentally appropriate way. Although play therapy may not be an appropriate therapeutic approach for all children, it has been found to be especially effective for younger children, those with language delays, as well as children with anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder, and ASD. In the next series of articles we will examine how play therapy can be used with children experiencing particular developmental or behavioral challenges.
References
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Cochran, N., Nordling, W., & Cochran, J. (2010). Child-centered play therapy: A practical guide to developing therapeutic relationships with children. John Wiley & Sons.
Corbett, B. A., & Abdullah, M. (2021). Interactive play therapy as a tool for social-emotional learning in children with ASD. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 657110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.657110
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Elbeltagi, R., Al-Beltagi, M., Saeed, N. K., & Alhawamdeh, R. (2023). Play therapy in children with autism: Its role, implications, and limitations. World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 12(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v12.i1.1
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